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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Commit log 使用说明

              
            
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        <h2 id="什么是git-commit-log"><a href="#什么是git-commit-log" class="headerlink" title="什么是git commit log"></a>什么是git commit log</h2><p><code>git commit log</code>其实就是根据咱们提交的<code>commit message</code>信息进行提取，用来生成更新日志的功能。<br>既然是要生成，那就一定要有一个格式，否则程序很难自动化的处理。<br>目前比较常用的是<a href="http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/angular/angular.js/blob/master/DEVELOPERS.md%23-git-commit-guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Angular 团队的规范</a>,他的格式也比较简洁。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="规范说明"><a href="#规范说明" class="headerlink" title="规范说明"></a>规范说明</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;type&gt;(&lt;scope&gt;): &lt;subject&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;BLANK LINE&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;BLANK LINE&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;footer&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>一个完整的<code>commit message</code>由header、body和footer构成，他们中间用一个空行分割。其中header是必须填写的，body和footer是可选项。</p>
<p>以上面的格式为例：</p>
<ol>
<li>header说明<br><code>&lt;type&gt;(&lt;scope&gt;): &lt;subject&gt;</code>这是header，它包括了type、scope和subject。注意书写<code>commit message</code>时不要忽略括号和冒号，这些符号。</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>type是类型,可以是下面类型中的一个<ul>
<li>feat: 新特性</li>
<li>fix: 修改问题</li>
<li>refactor: 代码重构</li>
<li>docs: 文档修改</li>
<li>style: 代码格式修改, 注意不是 css 修改</li>
<li>test: 测试用例修改</li>
<li>chore: 其他修改, 比如构建流程, 依赖管理.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>scope: 用于说明 commit 影响的范围，比如数据层、控制层、视图层、router等等，视项目不同而不同</li>
<li>subject: 是 commit 目的的简短描述，不超过50个字符</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>如果type为feat和fix，则该 commit 将肯定出现在 Change log 之中。其他情况（docs、chore、style、refactor、test）由你决定，要不要放入 Change log，建议是不要。</p>
</blockquote>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>body<br>Body 部分是对本次 commit 的详细描述，可以分成多行。</p>
</li>
<li><p>footer<br>Footer 部分只用于两种情况，一种是不兼容变动，另一种是解决bug，关闭issue。</p>
<ul>
<li>不兼容变动<br>如果当前代码与上一个版本不兼容，则 Footer 部分以BREAKING CHANGE开头，后面是对变动的描述、以及变动理由和迁移方法。</li>
<li>关闭 Issue<br>如果当前 commit 针对某个issue，那么可以在 Footer 部分关闭这个 issue 。关闭一个issue可以<code>Closes #234</code>，也可以关闭多个issue<code>Closes #123, #245, #992</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Revert<br>如果当前 commit 用于撤销以前的 commit，则必须以revert:开头，后面跟着被撤销 Commit 的 Header。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">revert: feat(pencil): add &apos;graphiteWidth&apos; option</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">This reverts commit 667ecc1654a317a13331b17617d973392f415f02.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Body部分的格式是固定的，必须写成This reverts commit &lt;hash&gt;.，其中的hash是被撤销 commit 的 SHA 标识符。</p>
<p>如果当前 commit 与被撤销的 commit，在同一个发布（release）里面，那么它们都不会出现在 Change log 里面。如果两者在不同的发布，那么当前 commit，会出现在 Change log 的Reverts小标题下面。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h2><ol>
<li><p>新增功能实例</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">feat(address):新增地址列表接口  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">涉及文件如下</span><br><span class="line">AddressControl.java 新增地址模块控制器       </span><br><span class="line">AddressService.java 新增地址模块Service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">BREAKING CHANGE：                       </span><br><span class="line">-与前一个版本相比移除了不需要自字段XXX </span><br><span class="line">+增加了新字段XXX</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>bug修复实例</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fix(user):修复了添加用户不验证用户名唯一性的问题   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">修复bug涉及改动文件如下</span><br><span class="line">UserModel.java 模型中增加了属性验证     </span><br><span class="line">UserService.java 修改过了添加用户逻辑 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Closes #234</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="生成change-log"><a href="#生成change-log" class="headerlink" title="生成change log"></a>生成change log</h2><p>如果你的所有 Commit 都符合 Angular 格式，那么发布新版本时， Change log 就可以用脚本自动生成。生成文档一般包含3部分。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">New features</span><br><span class="line">Bug fixes</span><br><span class="line">Breaking changes.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>首先我们需要安装一个生成工具<code>npm install -g conventional-changelog-cli</code>，</p>
<blockquote>
<p>网上说用<code>npm install -g conventional-changelog-cli</code>，但不知道为什么安装后提示找不到命令</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install -g conventional-changelog-cli</span><br><span class="line">cd my-project</span><br><span class="line">touch CHANGELOG.md</span><br><span class="line">conventional-changelog -p angular -i CHANGELOG.md -w</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样就可以看到change log了，log会打印到屏幕上，同时也会写入到<code>CHANGELOG.md</code>中。</p>
<p>上面命令不会覆盖以前的 Change log，只会在CHANGELOG.md的头部加上自从上次发布以来的变动。</p>
<p>如果你想生成所有发布的 Change log，要改为运行下面的命令。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">conventional-changelog -p angular -i CHANGELOG.md -w -r 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>为了方便使用，可以将其写入package.json的scripts字段。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  &quot;scripts&quot;: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &quot;changelog&quot;: &quot;conventional-changelog -p angular -i CHANGELOG.md -w -r 0&quot;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>以后，直接运行<code>npm run changelog</code>命令即可。</p>
<h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><p><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/01/commit_message_change_log.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/01/commit_message_change_log.html</a><br><a href="https://github.com/conventional-changelog-archived-repos/validate-commit-msg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/conventional-changelog-archived-repos/validate-commit-msg</a><br><a href="https://github.com/conventional-changelog-archived-repos/conventional-changelog-cli" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/conventional-changelog-archived-repos/conventional-changelog-cli</a></p>

      
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